Leaf Spot Disease
Leaf spot disease encompasses fungal or bacterial infections that cause circular, discolored spots on leaves. These spots can be yellow, brown, or black and merge to create larger areas of damage. They can prevent photosynthesis, weaken leaves, and cause stunted growth. It occurs during warm and humid conditions when leaves remain wet for extended periods, creating an environment for fungi and bacteria to grow. Treatment requires pruning infected foliage, improving air circulation, and applying fungicides if necessary. Avoiding overwatering and keeping foliage dry is essential for maintenance.
Powdery Mildew Disease
Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that causes trees and shrubs to develop a powdery white or gray coat. It typically occurs in fall and spring, when warm days and cool nights can affect humidity levels. Affected plants may show curled leaves, distorted growth, or reduced flowering. Left untreated, the disease can spread, especially in younger growth.
Treating powdery mildew requires pruning infected areas, improving airflow, and applying fungicides. Practices such as drip irrigation and preventing conditions that help fungi thrive can ensure the health of your trees and shrubs.
Sooty Mold Disease
Sooty mold is a fungal growth that develops on the leaves, stems, or branches of deciduous trees and shrubs. Also known as black mildew, it is caused by insects that feed on sap and excrete a sticky, sugary substance called honeydew. This can coat the affected areas and ultimately create a place for fungi to grow. It forms a black coating that blocks sunlight, preventing photosynthesis and weakening the plant.
While the mold can be removed, it’s important to address the underlying pest infestation to effectively treat your tree or shrub. Regular maintenance and balanced fertilization also address any existing sooty mold.
Pest Infestations
According to Texas Parks & Wildlife, out of the 100,000 insects native to the United States, a third can be found in Texas. Because of the climate, soil conditions, and native flora, many properties see common pest infestations. Aphids, borers, grubs, fire ants, fleas, and many other pests can severely damage trees and shrubs by feeding on them. This can result in discolored leaves, stunted growth, or a weakened structure. Managing infestations involves identifying the specific pest, applying targeted insecticides or biological controls, and addressing heavily infested areas. However, given plenty of environmental factors beyond anyone’s control, effective pest control to address all insects and common pests requires different treatments year-round.
